PHARMACY COURSE DESCRIPTION

Department / Course Code/ Course Name

PHAR / DBT 101- Academic Debate & critical Thinking I
This course is designed to develop students’ abilities and skills in academic communication and debate. The topics of this course train the students on using sources for academic communication, putting knowledge into good use, and raising academic questions and answering questions in an academic way. The course also aims to teach students how to accept and respect differing opinions, and how to conduct academic arguments. In this course, students are directed to raise questions and analyze academic texts logically and critically, i.e. they are guided to conduct a critical analysis of what they read, and are provided with the opportunity to practice and develop their skills by writing their reflections on the material studied and on their own learning. Moreover, the students will be assisted in this course with considering the problems of their country, and making suggestions to solve problems relying on academic mechanism and methodology.
PHAR / DBT 102- Academic Debate & critical Thinking II
This course is the continuation of DBT 101. The topics of this course train the students on using sources for academic communication, putting knowledge into good use, and raising academic questions and answering questions in an academic way. The course also aims to teach students how to accept and respect differing opinions, and how to conduct academic arguments.
PHAR / ELT 103-Advanced English
The course reinforces academic writing skills. In this course students write different types of essays based on the ideas they are exposed to in the reading selections. The emphasis is on the writing process in which students go through many stages from brainstorming and outlining to producing a complete documented piece of writing.
PHAR / ELT 104- Technical English
This course is continuation of ELT 103, which is build the oral, reading and writing English skills of non-native speakers of English of Computer and Information Technology department students, in order to prepare for specific academic work in English. It teaches advance level of students the language and skills they need to understand and work in the world of computers.
PHAR / GEN 100- Foundation English I
The foundation English is a course designed to improve the english of the students whom they did not pass in the proficiency English test, therefore, the course will begin simultaneously with their first year classes.
PHAR / GEN 102- Foundation English II
The aim of the foundation course is enhancing students’ language skills and building their vocabulary and grammar knowledge and preparing them to everyday conversations.The students have to participate in all lessons not to fail because of the attendance.
PHAR / IT 103- Information Technology
This course is designed to make the student familiar with Computer literature. Information Technology Concepts are Introduced with an emphasis on software and hardware utilization. Students will be exposed to a board range of computer Technology and IT topics including; Understanding Computer, Hardware, software, Computer and communication, Multimedia, web pages & Internet, Networking and the role of IT in public life. ​This course is divided into two sections: a lecture and lab.
PHAR / KUR 105- Kurdology I
Kurdish language investigates Kurdish language, Kurdish alphabet, the skills to learn Kurdish speaking and writing. This area of science as part of Anthropology (Kurd) basically is a practical valued work. But unfortunately even those Kurdish researchers who were sent to Kurdistan did not show their honesty in reflecting on the reality of Kurdish community because many of them were sent as spies or agents working for foreigners or central government. That is why it is important that Kurd should study their language in a critical thinking way and rewrite their history.The territorial extent of Kurdistan, the ethnic and geographical extent of Kurdistan, Numerical extent of the Kurds, the geography of Kurdistan, Physical aspect, the living landscape and habitat, the human aspect, an anthropological profile of Kurdistan. Origins and pre-Islamic history, the Islamic period up to 1920, from 1920 to the present day, the fundamental structures of Kurdish society, the Kurdish family, tribal organization, language and folklore.
PHAR / KUR 106- Kurdology II
This course is a continuation of Kurdology I. A further study of history of Kurdistan and Kurds as well as major events and figures in after-Islam period.
PHAR / PHAR 101-General Chemistry
The pharmacy profession and role of pharmacist in modern health care systems have evolved quite rapidly over the last couple of decades to cope with this changes, and to meet the demand of modern pharmacy profession, the pharmacy curriculum especially, in developed world, has evolved significantly. As all drugs are chemicals, and pharmacy is mainly about the study of various aspects of drugs, including manufacture, storage, actions and toxicities, metabolisms and managements, chemistry still play a vital role in pharmacy education. In order to have a proper understanding and knowledge of the drugs and their behaviors, there is no other alternatives but to learn chemistry.
PHAR / PHAR 102- Principles of Pharmaceutical Calculations
This course provides an introduction to the metric, avoirdupois, , and apothecary`s measurements and the calculations used in pharmacy practice. Topics include ratio and proportion, dosage determinations, percentage preparations, reducing and enlarging formulas, dilution and concentration, aliquots, specific gravity and density, and flow rates. Upon completion, students should be able to perform correctly the calculations required to prepare a medication order properly.
PHAR / PHAR 103- Biophysics
This course is to provide a comprehensive knowledge to students regarding developing an understanding of the range and uses of Analytical methods in Chemistry. The course basically deals with the chemical methods employed for elemental and compound analysis. The contents include steps of analysis of samples, terms of concentrations, chemical equilibrium and solubility-product constants of compounds.
PHAR / PHAR 105- Medical Terminology
This course focuses on the principles of concisely constructing a medical term via shedding the light on the word structure including the root, prefixes, and suffixes. Students, in addition to the former, will receive a thorough grounding in the term-specific human organ systems and the associated diseases. The correct pronunciation of the terminologies, spelling and the use of the medical terms with abbreviations will be addressed. Anatomy, pathophysiology and pharmacology of the diseases are effectively delivered as well.
PHAR / PHAR 106- Human Biology & Genetics
This course is would present such vital introduction to the basic principles of human biology by focusing on crucial biological and genetically related aspects. Themes would typically include the role of the macromolecules in health and disease, which includes basic chemistry and cell and tissue function/structure. As well as human body functioning and structure; human development and reproduction; human ecology; and human genetics. The main purpose of this module is to serve as a preparatory course for the Pharmacy students in terms of both: Human Anatomy and Physiology; also this involved the Pharmaceutical Biochemistry.
PHAR / PHAR 109- Biostatistics & Mathematics
Basic statistical definitions, types of data, descriptive statistics: classification of data, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion. Tables and graphics: single dimensional table (marginal table) and graphics: histogram, bar graph, stem & leaf graph, box-plots, error graphs etc. Two/Multi-dimensional tables and graphs; Cross tables, multivariate applications of basic graphics, scatter plots etc. Theoretical distributions: Normal distribution, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution. Tests and graphs of normality. Sampling, sampling distributions and confidence intervals: sampling distribution of mean and ratio, confidence intervals. Introduction to hypothesis tests: Definition and stages of hypothesis tests, possible types of errors, p and alpha values, decision making process, parametric and nonparametric hypothesis tests. Hypothesis tests (single sample tests, two dependent/independent samples tests, k dependent/independent samples tests.) Correlations and regression analysis. Multiple linear regression.

PHAR 104 Analytical Chemistry

The material presented in this course will enable the students to obtain knowledge of Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis methods. Several experiments have been used to support this approach in the laboratory class. Analytical chemistry is the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials. Analytical Chemistry is the basic for other fields of Chemistry. This course is to acquire basic concepts, principles, and techniques of modern analytical chemistry that would empower students with an analytical mind set and the abilities to solve diverse analytical problems in an efficient and quantitative way that conveys the importance of accuracy and precision of the analytical results.

PHAR / PHAR 110- Histology
The course will deal about histology (micro-anatomy),how cells form the basic tissues of the human body by the use of light microscopic techniques. Since structure reveals function, emphasis will be put on structure –function relationship or functional histology in different tissues and organs’ and in order to enhance this relationship, lectures will be supplemented by the practical sessions of various tissues and organs using light microscope . This course is designed for undergraduate students in the faculty of pharmacy. At the end of the course, students should be able to identify and interpret light microscopic tissue images and to know how the cellular organization of tissues and organs are capable to do their specific functions.
PHAR / PHAR 201- Physical Pharmacy I
This course is an introduction to the basic aspects of physical pharmacy. Includes study of the physical properties of drug molecules. Solutions and solubility. Physicochemical properties of solutions, buffers and buffer capacity,Surface activity and surfactants, Interfacial phenomena, liquid interfaces, surface energy, measurement of interfacial tension, spreading coefficient and surface active agent. The course also includes the study of Rheology and its application in pharmacy.
PHAR / PHAR 202-Physiology I
This course includes Physiological concepts of homeostasis and control mechanisms and the functions of body systems with emphasis on clinical relevance are topics of fall semester. The body systems dealt with in the second year consist of the blood, the autonomic nervous system, excitable tissues, the cardiovascular system, respiration, the gastrointestinal tract, renal physiology, and an introduction to metabolism and body temperature regulation, the endocrine, the central nervous system and special senses. The course consists of lectures, practical classes and tutorials, with occasional assignments and seminars.
PHAR / PHAR 204- Pharmacoeconomics
This course is an introduction to the role of pharmacoeconomics (PE) in decision making from multiple perspectives in medical field. It introduces the concepts of types of PE/Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) , general computation involved in these analyses, and how to evaluate a CEA.
PHAR / PHAR 205- Organic Chemistry I
Structure and bonding, alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, reactions of alkenes and alkynes, aromatic compounds, stereochemistry, organohalides, nucleophilic substitutions and eliminations, alcohols, phenols, ethers.
PHAR / PHAR 207- Microbiology I
Is a 3 credit course with two hours theory and two hours practical lectures per week for fall semester. This course includes introduction to bacteriology, bacteria that cause disease, cell structure, virulence factors, antimicrobial drugs, mechanisms of action of pharmaceutical agents and antibiotic resistance, anaerobic bacteria, microbial genetic, genetic transfer in bacteria, genetics of antimicrobial resistance, microbial metabolism, Infection control in the hospital, normal microbial flora of the human body, role of resistant flora, normal flora of the skin, normal flora of the mouth-upper respiratory tract-intestine
PHAR / PHAR 208- Anatomy
This is a 3 hours Theory and 2 hours practical course that runs 14 weeks. The course is intended to provide an introduction to human anatomy for Pharmacy students. The structure and organization of the course are based on a regional approach to the study of the body. Thus, basic concepts and essential details will be presented in a regional manner. The functional aspects of human anatomy will be integrated with structure, and the clinical importance of anatomical relationships will be introduced where appropriate.
PHAR / PHAR 210- Biochemistry I
Student will learn fundamental knowledge necessary to understand molecular logics of biochemical processes in living organisms; recognise dynamics in the synthesis and degradation of the natural biomacromolecules: proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids, and will be able to analyse and identify important factors that are influencing dynamics, control and regulation of cellular metabolism. Biochemical knowledge and skills acquired are compulsory basis for the further studies, especially in clinical biochemistry, haematology, pharmacology, biochemistry of drug metabolism, identify molecular basis of diseases and therapy and other lessons dealing with metabolism of endogenic macromolecules, drugs and other xenobiotic in health and disease.
PHAR / PHAR 215- Microbiology I
The aim of this course is to train the students of Medicine in the field of Medical Microbiology. Knowledge and practical skills shall be acquired by the candidates in the sub-specialties’ of Bacteriology including Mycobacteriology, Virology, Parasitology, Immunology & Mycology so as to be able to deal with diagnosis and prevention of infectious diseases in the community. They are trained in basic research methodology so that they will be able to conduct fundamental and applied research. They are also trained in teaching methods so that they can take up teaching assignments.
PHAR / PHAR 220- Biochemistry II
This course supports the mission statement to Tishk International Hospital to create students leaders who promote wellness through high standards of education, research and service. Wellness is defined as a process of optimizing nervous system function to enhance all bodily systems; an active process employing a set of values and behaviors that promotes health and enhanced quality of life. Many factors affect wellness, including exercise, diet, rest, environmental and genetic factors. Knowledge of Biochemistry aids in this mission by teaching the student how the human body operates biochemically and in providing an understanding of basic nutrition necessary to human wellness.
PHAR / PHAR 221- Physical Pharmacy II
This course is a continuation of Physical Pharmacy I. The underlying principles in drug preparation, their fluid properties and factors affecting the stability of the colloidal systems is discussed and emphasized.
PHAR / PHAR 223-Physiology II
This course is a continuation of Physiology -I. It covers the structure, function and regulation of the cardiovascular system, mechanism of respiration, urine formation and maintenance of acid-base balance regulation of urinary system, digestive enzymes and its function of GIT system, Thyroid hormone metabolism, physiological function and regulation of endocrine system and development of reproductive organ of reproductive system.
PHAR / PHAR 224- Immunology
The aim of this course is to train the students of Medicine in the field of Medical Immunology. Knowledge and practical skills shall be acquired by the candidates in the sub-specialties’ of immune response including self and non self mechanisms, T cells and B cells, MHC, autoimmune diseases & natural killer cells so as to be able to deal with diagnosis and prevention of infectious diseases in the community. They are trained in basic research methodology so that they will be able to conduct fundamental and applied research. They are also trained in teaching methods so that they can take up teaching assignments.
PHAR / PHAR 225- Organic Chemistry II
Organic Chemistry is a branch of General Chemistry that focuses on carbon-based compounds. It offers students the opportunity to learn the nature of carbon in organic compounds. It primarily focuses  on the basic principles to understand the structure and reactivity of organic molecules. This course also provides an introduction to the chemistry of aromatic compounds.

PHAR 305 Pharmacology-I

Basic principles of pharmacology, including receptor mechanisms, drug distribution and metabolism, and pharmacokinetics. Lectures, laboratories, and tutorials on the interactions of drugs and biological systems as a basis for rational disease therapy. Through a variety of learning tools such as assignments, quizzes, case studies and group work, the student will enhance his/her ability to practice competently and contribute to a safe patient care setting. Participants will gain basic knowledge related to the pharmacological uses of drugs within a variety of commonly encountered medical conditions. Lecture three hours per week.

PHAR 308 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I

The course is designed to provide the students with the essential fundamentals of medicinal chemistry. The course is focused on the physicochemical properties of drug molecules and the effects those properties have on absorption, distribution, metabolism and interaction with a receptor to give a physiological response. The course also covers fundamental principles of drug metabolism.  It also demonstrates an understanding of the principles of drug receptor interaction to get better and deeper medical background of how the stereochemistry of a drug can dramatically affect its biological activity. The course also designed to get the best outcome from the concept of pro-drug approach to deliver drugs to organs and tissues that are difficult to reach or totally inaccessible sites.

PHAR 303 Pharmacognosy-I

Introduction to medicinal compounds and raw materials of natural origin including biosynthesis, chemical structures, and qualitative and quantitative analysis. Understanding the role of natural products in research and development of drugs. Acquisition of basic knowledge and skills in quality control of herbal drugs and products.

PHAR 301 Pharmaceutical Technology-I

This course is an introduction to drug carrier systems and dosage forms, preparation of different dosage forms in drug and pharmacy and introduction to formulation conception, developing new drug formulations, and conception of dosage form, dosage forms in the form of solutions and dispersed systems, solutions, dispersed systems (colloidal dispersions, suspensions, emulsions, pharmaceutical aerosols), semi-solid dosage forms , formulation of dosage forms, evaluation of stability and bioavailability of pharmaceutical product after industrial scale production.

PHAR 311 Pathology

Description, causes, distinction, indications and diagnostic methods of pathology of diseases, treatment, response to treatment and various diseases including different systems.

PHAR 335 Pharmaceutical Analysis-I (Technical Elective Course):

The fundamental analytical methods are explained in this course with all the theoretical basis of Pharmaceutical methods of analysis used in pharmaceutical laboratories. The chemical equilibrium & the Henderson-Hasselbalch’s equation, acid-base titrations and nonaqueous titration methods used in pharmaceutical analysis are discussed in this course in addition to the official quantitative methods required in the Pharmacopoeia for pharmaceutical compounds.

PHAR 302 Pharmaceutical Technology II:

The course covers semisolid dosage forms and parenteral drugs preparation and formulation. The course includes the study of e.g. suppositories, ointments, creams, gels and parenteral drugs including preparation principles of the formulations.

PHAR 304 Pharmacognosy II:

The course is designed in such a way that the students gets well acquainted with the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances, or potential drugs  of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources. The course familiarizes students with the basic scientific knowledge and skill needed to obtain and characterize active substances from natural sources. It also helps students to understand and realize the fact that nature provides the origin and continuous supply of drugs or drug substances, and think about the proper management and utilization of such natural products like glycoside, volatile oil, resin and wax.

PHAR 309 Pharmaceutical Chemistry II:

The course is designed to provide the students with a fundamental understanding of medicinal chemistry. The course is focused on teaching the Autonomic Nervous system, their agonist, Antagonist and clinical uses to treat various related maladies. The course also covers fundamental principles of Narcotic analgesics, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and Antitussive agents. It also demonstrates an understanding of the principles of drug-receptor interaction to get better and deeper medical background of how the stereochemistry of a drug can dramatically affect its biological activity. The systems and drugs to be taught are programmed to cover the subtopics such as Classification, mechanism of action synthesis and Indications.

Prerequisite: Pharmaceutical Chemistry I

PHAR 306 Pharmacology II:

This course will Provide an opportunity for the student to learn about the drug with regard to classification, Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects, adverse effects, uses, dose route of administration, precautions, contraindications and interaction with other drugs. In this subject, apart from central nervous system, general anesthetic and local anesthetic system will be taught.  In addition to theoretical knowledge, the basic practical knowledge relevant to Preclinical screening models: for CNS activity- analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, general anaesthetics, sedative and hypnotics, antipsychotic, antidepressant, antiepileptic, antiparkinsonism, alzheimer’s disease therapeutics will be imparted.

PHAR 313 Pharmaceutical Toxicology:

This course will provide an opportunity for the student to learn about the drug with regard to classification, Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects adverse effects, uses, dose, route of administration, precautions contraindications and interaction with other drugs. In this subject, Basic knowledge general principles of treatment of poisoning and Clinical symptoms and management of barbiturates, morphine, organophosphosphorus compound and heavy metals such as lead, mercury and arsenic poisoning. Basic toxicology of genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity. Principles of toxicology are also taught in addition to theoretical knowledge, the basic practical knowledge relevant to therapeutics will be imparted.

PHAR 315 Safety and Lab Operating System (Technical Elective):

Introduction to lab safety culture, precautionary labels, material safety data sheets, using personal protective equipment, handling lab equipment safely, handling, storing and disposing of chemicals safely, using emergency equipment as well as safety planning. Recognize and maintain various PPE and emergency equipment in a laboratory setting as well as evaluating Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and safety plans.

PHAR 336 Pharmaceutical Analysis II (Technical Elective):

This course is technical elective course. The course is designed to provide the students with a fundamental understanding of Pharmaceutical analysis. The course is focused on teaching the techniques involved in any setup of quality control department of Pharmaceutical Industries, Clinical studies, and research laboratories. The course emphasizes on the qualitative and quantitative methods included in various compendia and monographs to identify and check purity profile by assays of the raw goods, in-process material or finished products. The fundamentals of various instruments used in the QC laboratories is also included briefly.

Prerequisite: Pharmaceutical Analysis I

PHAR 320 Pharmacy Training I

This practical course emphasis on learning the role of the pharmacist in medication dispensing and patient care. Pharmacist responsibilities involving patient profiles, medication monitoring, drug product selection and generic substitution are discussed. The importance of patient counseling is stressed. Emphasis is also placed on compliance of Pharmacy Regulations, labeling/auxiliary labeling of prescriptions, technical practice aspects and knowledge of current dosage delivery systems.

Students must demonstrate skill proficiency in patient care, drug information, communication, professionalism, critical thinking, and teamwork at a level appropriate for the year of study in order to pass the course.

PHAR 333 Chromatography and isolation techniques (Technical Elective Course):

The course offers a comprehensive survey of separation methods used for chromatography, extraction and various approaches to chemical analysis. Among the topic included in the course outline, major emphasis is given to the main separation platforms used for instrumental analysis, namely, column and Thin layer chromatography. The fundamentals of extraction together with classical and modern extraction techniques are also discussed.

PHAR 331 Antibiotics and Bioactive Compounds (Technical Elective Course)

This elective will provide students with opportunities for application of infectious disease principles. The course will consist primarily of team based learning facilitated by the course coordinator. There will be three core components. The first will consist of student led discussions on microorganisms, antimicrobial drug classes, and stewardship concepts. The next section will include literature reviews and debates regarding therapeutic management of various infectious diseases. In the final component, student groups will be presented with patient cases. Each group will determine a diagnosis and treatment plan that will be discussed with the class. Lecture two hours per week.

(PHAR-403) Pharmacognosy-III

The course is designed in such a way that the students gets well acquainted with the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical, and biological properties of minerals origin drugs or potential drugs of natural origin as well as the information of natural fibers, suture, and dressing materials. The course familiarizes students with the basic scientific knowledge and biogenesis or biosynthesis to obtain through natural pathways. It also helps students to understand and realize the fact that nature provides the origin and continuous supply of drugs or drug substances and think about the proper management and utilization of such natural products like glycoside, alkaloids. Lab hands-on training also gives a clear picture to understand nicely about this course.

 PHAR 405 Pharmacology -III

This subject will provide an opportunity for the student to learn about the drug with regard to classification, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects adverse effects, uses, dose, route of administration, precautions contraindications and interaction with other drugs. In this subject, drug acting on blood, renal system, GIT, Immune system and endocrine hormones, and pharmacology of sex hormones and antimalarial drugs will be concentrated. In addition, pharmacology of chemotherapeutic agents, tuberculosis, essential minerals and principles of antifungal are also taught in addition to theoretical knowledge, the basic practical knowledge relevant to therapeutics will be imparted.

PHAR 406 Therapeutics I

This course will provide to impart the knowledge and skills necessary for contribution to quality use of medicines. In this subject, basic principles and cover pathophysiology briefly and mostly therapeutics of various diseases. It will enable the student to understand the pathophysiology of common disorders and their management. The course will allow the student to learn about identifying the patient, specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy, and monitoring therapy including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory indices of therapeutic response, and adverse effects.

PHAR 401 Pharmaceutical Technology III

After completing Pharmaceutical Technology I and II, this course includes solid dosage forms (powders, granules, hard and soft capsules, tablets, coated tablets), controlled release, microcapsules, biopharmaceutical, targeted dosage forms, dosage forms used in veterinary medicine, packaging material, and surgical materials. In addition to these, introduction to nanoparticles such as nanoemulsions and microemulsions are also included in this course.

PHAR 408 Pharmaceutical Chemistry III

The course is designed to provide the students with a vital understanding of medicinal chemistry. The course is focused on teaching the Central Nervous system, their stimulants and depressants, Sedatives and hypnotics, related agonist, antagonist and clinical uses to treat various related ailments. The course also covers the fundamentals of hormones specifically various Steroidal hormones extending from mineralocorticoids to sex hormones. It also extends to cover the various class and generations of antimicrobials. The systems and drugs to be taught are programmed to cover the subtopics such as Classification, mechanism of action, synthesis, biosynthesis, SAR and Indications.

PHAR 420 Pharmacy Training II:

After completing Pharmacy Training I, students will continue their practice in community pharmacies and will be evaluated by case discussions, presentations, assignments and their ability to discuss prescription errors and drug interactions, dose adjustments during their practice in pharmacy.

 PHAR 426 Nutrients Biochemistry: (Technical Elective Course)

This course will enhance previous biomedical and nutrition knowledge with particular reference to recent developments in nutritional sciences and biomarkers of human health and diseases .It will cover the biochemistry of digestion and metabolism of macromolecules in food and subsequent energy production; the understanding of key metabolic pathways underlying the utilization of nutrients for energy; the basis of nutrient requirements in various physiological states and nutrient control of gene expression.

PHAR 425 Prodrugs (Technical Elective Course)

This subject will provide an opportunity for the student to learn about the drug with regard to a basic understanding of organic chemistry and of typical reactions leading to prodrugs, prodrugs for sustained release, combined with an essential understanding of metabolic pathways involved in conversion to the corresponding parent compound. Enzymatic hydrolysis of Prodrugs. General understanding of drug development in the pharmaceutical industry. Students have gained insight into the various aspects of prodrug development and other approaches of prodrugs.

PHAR 427 Pediatric Drug Therapy (Technical Elective Course)

This course aims to make the pharmacy student more aware of pediatric patients’ health care needs and to give them the necessary knowledge and skills to positively impact pediatric patients. This subject will impart the required theoretical knowledge relevant to the therapeutic of pediatric. Principles of basic knowledge and general principles of treatment of neonatal clinical care, pediatric critical care, trauma, and serious infections are also taught.