Thesis & Projects

 

S.No Name of the supervisor Name of students Title of the Project The abstract of the Project
1.        Dr. Subasini Uthirapathy Sarmad jabar, Ibrahim Ahmed, Twana Rzgar, Pola Rzgar and Hassan Hadi1 Clinical anesthesia in Oscar Fish Fish have become a popular companion animal and experimental model, as well as being farmed and fished for food. Surgical and invasive techniques are therefore widespread in this animal group. The focus of this research will be on fish anesthesia. Fish are frequently immersed in a variety of anesthetic agents. Correct dose can lead to effective anesthetic for acute operations as well as loss of consciousness during surgical procedures. Anesthetic agent and dose differ amongst fish species, and physiological characteristics such as body weight, physiological stress, and ambient circumstances further complicate things (e.g., water temperature). Combined with general anesthesia, which involves the use of two anesthetic drugs, has been shown to be effective in fish, but it is not widely utilized due to a lack of experimental confirmation. Recent research has looked into local anesthetics to see how effective they are at reducing pain and discomfort. In Koi Fish, the local anesthetic lidocaine is quite effective at reducing pain-related reactions. Clove oil, on the other hand, is less useful in decreasing pain. In order to establish acceptable anesthetic procedures, researchers need investigate extensive range of anesthetic medication in a variety of fish species.
2.        Dr. Subasini Uthirapathy Saya Mohammed, Saran Qasm, Zeytun Hameed and Parua walzi Anti-inflammatory activity of Magic Spice Fruits of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L)

 

 The goal of this study is to see how effective Rhus coriaria L (sumac) is at reducing inflammation caused by formalin in mice. Methods and materials: The anti-inflammatory efficacy of sumac ethanol extract was tested in mice with formalin-induced paw edema. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in mice (n=6) using a plethysmometer model, and it was compared to morphine. Results: Sumac showed anti-inflammatory effects comparable to morphine in mice with formalin-induced paw edema. In a formalin-induced arthritis model, sumac extracts showed considerable anti-inflammatory efficacy. Conclusion: If the findings of this study are supported by more experimental and clinical research, sumac may have an adjuvant role in the treatment of inflammatory illnesses, particularly when antioxidant qualities are present.
3.        Dr. Subasini Uthirapathy Mardin Hussein, Srusht Subhi, Suham Khdir, Shasan Hamandif and Rayan Yousif

 

 Formulation and Evaluation of Avocados oil face cream The goal is to make and test an avocados oil face cream that is made from the oil of avocados. Lauraceae family member Persea Americana Methods: Avocado oil’s antioxidant activity was determined using a method known as 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). We were able to make only one excellent face cream by experimenting with various compositions, such as oil in water. The formulation of Avocado oil was evaluated using several factors such as pH, viscosity, spreadability, and stability. Result: Avocado oil face cream had high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, permeability enhancer, and skin barrier repair action. This cream had good spreadability, consistency, homogeneity, appearance, and pH; no evidence of a separation phase was seen, and it was easy to remove. During irritancy tests, this formulation cream showed no redness, edema, erythema, or irritation. Conclusions: This avocado cream formulation is safe to use on the skin. As a result, the study reveals that creams with diverse compositions and bases are more stable and safer, but they may have a synergistic effect.
4.        Dr. Ronak Taher Ali Alaa Hoshiyar, Sedra Bahjat, Sumaya Abdullah, Vareen Sahir Determning the association between patient side effects from medications and patient complications from diabetes Diabetes mellitus is a complex disease that needs lifelong treatment and care with physiological and physical aspects of each patient. Education related to diabetes is an important element for the patient to obtain the best result needed . Patients with diabetes demand continuous treatment and monitoring in order to control the disease and avoid complications. Adherence to recommended treatment was important in order for the treatment to give positive effect. In this context adherence was defined as the extent to which the patients follow medical instructions.

The study was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative method. A questionnaire was administered to 106 respondents at the diabetes clinic of Layla Qassim Hospital in Erbil, Kurdistan Region Government / Iraq. Patients diagnosed with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes were included in the study.

Out of 106 participants (58.5%) of the patients in the study were adherence or compliance to their drug regimen therapy whereas (41.5%) weren’t adherent to their medications. Main reason for non -adherence to the treatment was reported as financial problems. Patients with pre-existing diseases have developed complication of diabetes, retinopathy and neuropathy were the most common complications present in patients with hypertension, vision problems and arthritis. 54 (51%) of the respondents had participated in some kind of diabetes education, still 52 patients (49.1%) Housewife reported that they did not have enough knowledge about their diabetes diagnosis. The results show that those with knowledge about their diabetes diagnosis also take their medication to a higher extent than those who reported lack of knowledge.

Factors that affect the adherence were lack of knowledge, nonaccess to medications, the use of alternative medicines and non -access to health care. Further studies about adherence to treatment among diabetes patients are of importance in order to improve the diabetes care and come up with solutions to a growing global health problem.
5.        Dr. Mohammad Javed Naim

 

 Vear Ali Muhammad, Sidad Syamand, Gailan Pshtiwan, Omer Mamand

 

 Curcumin: A Promising Therapeutic Regimen Curcumin is a fat-soluble natural substance obtained from Curcuma longa and finds its applications in treatment of numerous disorders and diseases. Apart from its vast pharmacological profile, it is also used as a flavoring agent in the Asian subcontinent. This has drawn attention of the scientists to use it as an important scaffold to prepare its synthetic derivatives in order to improve the efficacy as well as potency of drug molecules and also reducing their toxicity effects. Here we tried to give some deeper insights of curcumin with a focus on its biological activities and various synthetic derivatives with a view to get potential lead molecules for future drug discovery and expansion of its medicinal profile.
6.        Dr. Mohammad Javed Naim Husain Sudad Izzadin, Payam Masoud Tahir, Aman Masoud Tahir

 

 Piperine: A Magical Drug in Countering Chemoresistance Chemotherapy is the prevailing method for treatment of cancer but is often associated with side effects and development of multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR is the major impediment to successful eradication of cancer as it allows the cancer cells to survive against cytotoxic effect of structurally and functionally unrelated drugs and radiations. Chemotherapeutic resistance can be overcome by increasing the bioavailability of the drug by increasing its absorption and delaying its excretion by modulating the drug metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters and enhancing the capability of effective targets that include apoptosis and DNA repair. Piperine sourced from Piper nigrum and P. longum is a molecule that has an immense potential as a bioenhancer. Piperine not only has antitumoricidal activity but also sensitizes the cancer cells to existing chemotherapeutic regimens. Though the data are still limited, however, the results appear promising, and the use of piperine as potential modulators of chemotherapy and radiotherapy deserves further investigation.
7.        Dr. Omji Parwal Eron Sleman, Halo Fazil Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of Pistacia Khinjuk The Backdrop: Pistacia khinjukis a Pistacia species belonging to the Anacardiaceae family. The Aim: The goal of this investigation is to check antioxidant and anti-bacterial properties of the extracted Pistacia-khinjukleaves by DPPH method. The α -pinene, β -pinene, Myrcene,  β -caryophyllene, Germacrene-B, and Spathulenol are some of the primary ingredients of essential oil extracted from aerial portions of P. khinjuk.  Technique: Leaves of the P. khinjuk were macerated with solvent(methanol) to yield several extracts of P. khinjuk.  Results:The results indicated that films containing khinjuk essential oil have desired antibacterial and antioxidant activity.  Discussion: the pistacia khinjuk aqueous extract is the plant that has several therapeutic characteristics, due to that P. khinjuk that are good sources of phenolic content and (ascorbic acid, gallic acid, rutin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid) which responsible for the powerful antioxidant effect

 
8.        Dr. Omji Parwal Sara Faisal, Rayan Faisal Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract of Nepeta Cataria  Aim: Nepeta cataria commonly known as Catnip is an aromatic plant belonging to the lamiaceae family. The goal of this process is to check the antioxidant characteristics of the aqueous extract of Nepeta cataria leaves by methanolic method of extraction. Methods: the methods that are employed in this research include the estimation of total phenolic and total flavonoid content, because phenols are the main constituent that are responsible for antioxidant activity. And two important methods which are DPPH and ABTS are used to determine the radical scavenging method. Results: Increasing concentration of aqueous extract result in decreasing or inhibition of the absorbance of the free radical as obtained from the experiment. Conclusion: in conclusion, based on the result the plant has antioxidant activity even in small amount. It makes it capable to fight oxidation and the aging process of the body cells of leaving organisms.
9.        Dr. Omji Parwal Mustafa Rzgar, Ala Badih Sadradeen, Ranj Sherzad, Havana Idrees, The Prevalence of Newborn About Sepsis, Jaundice, Pre-Maturity, with Low Birthweight in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Jaundice, preterm birth, sepsis, and low birth weight are major causes of admission to the NICU and neonatal mortality. As such, the current study aimed at assessing the quality of care of these conditions at Maternity Teaching Hospital Hawler. To do this, the researcher used convenient sampling to select 4 children admitted to the hospital’s NICU to assess the care they received. The results showed that the medical team at the hospital’s NICU follows an evidence-based practice in care of an neonates. This is enabled by a high investment on the relevant equipment which helps in stabilizing the babies’ conditions.
10.    Dr. Javed Ahamad

 

 Sara Yousif Jameel, Alaa Younis Omer, Dastan Ahmad Majid, Tara Maghded Khidr Detection of Adulteration in Edible and Medicinal Oils by FTIR

 

 Adulteration has become very important issue in maintaining quality and safety of edible and medicinal oils. Adulteration of oils leads toxic consequences in human beings and major cause of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular complications and others. In this research project, we have chosen three plants oils viz. Clove, Lavender and Olive, and developed method for detection of adulteration in their oils.
11.    Dr. Ahmad Hamdy Ibrahim Asiya Jalil Abdullah

Yousif Najdat Sabri

Muhammed Sherzad Majeed

 

 Epidemiological and Clinically Changes of Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus: A multicenter Study at Kurdistan Region of Iraq Recently Hepatitis B and C Viruses are a serious public health issue. This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of Hepatitis B (HBV) and C Virus (HCV) disease, individually. The sample of this study was 610 from men and women living in Erbil province were chosen. They were required to complete the study’s questionnaire.  Data were collected from seven private and government hospitals which are as follows: Rizgary Teaching Hospital, Hawler, Maternity, Nanakali teaching hospitals, special centers of Blood bank, center for premarital screening, Thalassemia center, district hospitals outside Erbil city as well as all primary health care centers, and Department of Sexually transmitted Diseases (STD), in Erbil City. It was obtained by 1st of January 2015 until 31st of March 2022. The sero-prevalence for antibody testing of Hepatitis B and C Virus surface antigen was carried out to detect (HBV) and (HCV) disease, respectively. The serum concentration of HBV and HCV antibodies of targeted 610 assemblies of patients revealed a significant increase of HBV and HCV. Beyond 36 divorced and widowed patients were excluded. A total of 574 cases of hepatitis, (85.5%) 491 of them were diagnosed as hepatitis B, while only 83 patients (14.5%) of them were diagnosed as having hepatitis C. The higher percentage of hepatitis B and hepatitis C were reported among those who were settled in the city Centre (60.1% and 60.2%, respectively). In addition, the result showed that 13.4% of the cases have at least one affected family member, 15.1% in hepatitis B and 4.8% in hepatitis C with a significant statistical association (P= 0.012). The HBV and HCV disease could threaten the patient’s health as well as the condition of others they come into touch with, including their families.
12.    Dr. Ahmad Hamdy Ibrahim Ibrahim Jamal Mahmood

Mohammad Adham Jafer

Shalaw Mustafa Ahmad

Maryam Hiwa Abdulaziz

 

 Preparation of Montmorillonite and Clay Minerals as Natural Remedy for Acne Treatment Acne is the most common skin disorder globally, Acne vulgaris is a prevalent chronic skin disorder characterized by obstruction and irritation (hair follicles and their accompanying sebaceous gland). Acnes Propionibacterium are resistance to antibiotic treatments, and have become a global issue. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the use of handmade vitamin C soap on epidermal Staphylococcus aureus gram (positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram (negative) bacterial in vitro test, and to compare the antibacterial effect of handmade vitamin C Soap to LOREAL Montmorillonite mask, and to evaluate handmade vitamin C Soap by compare with acne soap and glycine Soap through measuring pH meter. This procedure was done in suitable environment for growing epidemic bacteria at biological laboratory in MH Agar. The result indicated that handmade vitamin C Soap has antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram (negative) bacteria in 10mg and 5 mg/ml doses, while the L’ORÉAL Montmorillonite mask showed that has antibacterial effect against both Staphylococcus aureus gram (positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram (negative) bacterial in same doses. The comparing between pH result of soaps was showed handmade vitamin C Soap has very good range and safe for skin uses. it can be concluded that handmade vitamin C Soap has antibacterial effect and safe pH rang for treating acne vulgar on skin.
13.    Dr. Ahmad Hamdy Ibrahim Ahmad Nowazad Sedeek

Ali Amjad Khalil

Mohmad Saeed Jamil

Abdulah Mahmaood Ismael

 

 

 Clinical features study of Cholesterol and

Practical Information of Statins Therapeutic Opportunities as Treatment in multicenter at Kurdistan Region of Iraq

 

 In today’s world, high fat intake and poor diets are becoming major concerns. Obesity, hypercholesterolemia, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin-resistance syndrome, generally known as metabolic syndrome, have all increased as a result of these factors. The aim of this study was to look at the important pharmaceuticals that can be used to treat high blood cholesterol in the Kurdistan area of Iraq, as well as their side effects. The prescription medication and the data of elevated blood cholesterol levels were taken. In addition to other diseases they have, the effect of age, body weight, and lifestyle on their dietary meals was documented. Data were collected in Erbil prevalence and from different hospitals. The study conducted from the 1st until the 28th of February 2022. The results has showed that, there were 7342 total patients who were tested, 4286 of whom were male and the remaining 3056 were female. Meanwhile, in the same month, there were approximately 550 cases of diabetic patients (270 male, 280 female) and over 1700 cases of heart disease (1200 male, 500 female). We chose 142 cases, 85 of which were male and 57 of which were female, with ages ranging from 27 to 89 years. In total, 72 patients take Rosuvastatin, 48 take Atorvastatin, 17 take Simvastatin, and 4 take Fluvastatin. In this study and other we like to report that most of these conditions of cholesterol can be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease CVD. Statins are generally well tolerated, with the most common adverse reactions being myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, hepatotoxicity, and diabetes mellitus. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which these systemic factors change the course of CVD should be an intense area of research to direct patient targeted therapies.
14.    Dr. Sharad Visht Sana Sirwan Salih Development and evaluation of nanoemulsion & nano emulgel of volatile oil from eucalyptus leaves Volatile oils have been mainly used to cure and treat a range of diseases and pathological circumstances since ancient times. Eucalyptus oil bears various biological activities like antiseptic, antibacterial, diuretic, diaphoretic, expectorant, and upper respiratory infections (URI), malaria, certain skin disorders, burn ointment, anti-scabies, and insect repellent. The purpose of the current research was to develop the nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel is a gelled emulsion made by combining (gelling agent + nanoemulsion). Nanoemulgel is a bi-phasic system that is more stable, has a larger drug loading capacity, nanoemulgel of volatile oil from eucalyptus leaves, and was evaluated for their potential for anthelmintic, mosquito repellent, insecticidal, larvicidal, and antibacterial activity. The surfactant and co-surfactant were selected to prepare nanoemulsions and finally, 3 batches were prepared. There was no drug- polymer interaction as confirmed by FTIR. The globular size of nanoemulsion for batch A was 257.2 nm (94.39%), Bach B was 252.2 nm (95.32%), and Batch C was 207.8 nm (94.54%). The A3 nanoemulsion batch showed a globule size of 11.99 nm (63.967%). The zeta potential value for nanoemulsion was -10 mV for all batches. Nanoemulsion showed anthelmintic, insecticidal, larvicidal, and antibacterial activities. The nanoemulgel also showed mosquito repellent & antimicrobial activity.
15.    Dr. Sharad Visht Kozheer Mansor Mohammed Effect of different solvents on phytosome Curcumin showed various biological activities like anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective etc. but have poor aqueous solubility, absorption and bioavailability. Several methods have been employed to improve the absorption and bioavailability of curcumin. Among them, the use of phytosomes is an alternate approach to improve its dissolution, absorption and bioavailability of curcumin. Phytosome contains herbal extract which are surrounded lipid herbal extract or phytoconstituents are complexed with phospholipids. Various approaches are used to prepare phytosomes like anti-solvent precipitation method, rotary evaporation method, solvent evaporation method, thin film hydration method and sonication method. In current research the solvent evaporation followed by sonication process was used to prepare phytosomes. Four solvent, Dichloromethane, Chloroform, Acetone, and Ethyl acetate were used to prepare Phytosomes and the effect of solvents on phytosome was determined. Prepared phytosomes were evaluated for yield, FTIR, partial size and zeta potential. The results showed no drug excipient interaction. The zeta potential was -34.7 mV, -35.4mV, -26.8mV and – 29.1mV for Acetone, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform respectively. The particle size results 232.1nm (76%), 3268nm (23.99%) with Acetone, 481.5 nm (78.69%),9769m (21.31%) with dichloromethane, 133.49 (12.02%), 474.8 nm (15.15%) 8321 nm (72.83% with ethyl acetate and 458.2 nm (71.07%), 3705 nm (7.59%) 12473 (21.34%) with chloroform respectively. From the above studies we concluded that acetone is the best solvent for preparing curcumin phytosomes.
16.    Dr. Sharad Visht Mustafa Omer Farhad Effect of different solvents on lavender oil phytosome Lavender oil is used in aromatherapy, in the treatment of anxiety, fungal infections, allergies, restlessness, eczema, nausea, and menstrual cramps. The purpose of the research was to develop the phytosomes of Lavender oil to improve and extend its absorption for medical purposes. Anti-solvent precipitation method, rotary evaporation method, solvent evaporation method, thin film hydration method and sonication method are the approaches that are used to prepare phytosomes. Acetone, ethyl acetate and chloroform were used as solvents to prepare phytosomes. The solvents evaporation technique followed by sonication process was used to develop phytosomes. The effect of solvent on phytosome was measured on the basis of particle size and zeta potential of phytosome. Other evaluation parameter for phytosomes were evaluated for yield and FTIR. The purpose of FTIR was to determine the drug excipient compatibility. No drug excipient interaction was found. The particle size was found to be 306.9 nm (8.33%) and 14433 nm (91 670%) with chloroform. 681.4 nm (100%) with acetone and 533.5 nm (59.54%) and 14879 nm (40.46 %) with ethyl acetate, respectively. The zeta potential was -36.6, -41.4 and -55.1 with chloroform, acetone and ethyl acetate respectively. It was concluded that acetone was best solvent to obtain lower particle size of phytosome and maximum zeta potential can be achieved by using ethyl acetate as a solvent as it shown.
17.    Dr. Sharad Visht Ahmed Muhammed Kakakhan Effect of different solvents on ginger oil phytosome I will discuss my result in comparison to other researches on the basis of particle size and zeta potential, because that is the focus of my research. The phytosome that I prepared using acetone showed a particle size of 201.8.m as shown in Fig 4.9 and Table 4.1, while (Nur Aini Dewi et al, 2020) found particle size of phytosome of myricetin to be 233.63m, this means that my phytosome has smaller particle size and better permeability (penetration). The zeta potential that I got was -29.4mV as shown in Fig 4.12 and Table 4.2, but (Nur Aini Dewiet al., 2020) found the zeta potential to be -21.70mV, so this means the physical stability of my formulation was better than (Nur Aini Dewi et al., 2020)’s formulation. My other phytosome that I prepared using chloroform showed a particle size of 654.8m as shown in Fig 4.10 and Table 4.1, while (Ashwini S Dhase et al., 2015) found particle size of phytosome of to be 998.1nm, this indicates that my formulation’s particle size is smaller and has better permeability (penetration). And for the zeta potential, because (Ashwini $ Dhase et al., 2015) didn’t include zeta potential in their research I will compare my result with my results from other solvents that I used, the zeta potential for my formulation with chloroform was -26.1mV as shown in Fig 4.13 and Table 4.2, the zeta potential for my formulation prepared with acetone was -29.4mV as shown in Fig 4.12 and Table 4.2 while the zeta potential for my formulation prepared with ethyl acetate was -22.8mV as shown in Fig 4.14 and Table 4.2, and to compare between them, phytosome prepared with acetone has the best zeta potential and therefore the best physical stability, while the phytosome prepared with chloroform has the zeta potential in the middle and therefore its physical stability is in the middle and the phytosome prepared with ethyl acetate has the worst zeta potential and therefore the least physical stability.
18.    Dr. Sharad Visht Ahmed Hameed Rsheed Effect of different solvents on rosemary oil phytosome Volatile oils like Rosemary oil showed various types of biological activities like antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity. Absorption and stability of some oils are not good even they show problem in absorption. To delivery those type of phytoconstituents, phytosome is an alternate approached to extend the drug relapse with better performance like improve dissolution, absorption and bioavailability. Phytosome generally consisted of either herbal extract in phospholipids vesicle or it’s a phytoconstituents phospholipids complex. Several approaches like anti-solvent precipitation method, rotary evaporation method, solvent evaporation method, thin film hydration method and sonication method are used to prepare phytosomes. In current research work three solvents (chloroform, acetone and ethyl acetate) were used to prepare phytosomes using solvents evaporation followed by sonication process. The purpose to used different solvents was to determine the effect of solvents on phytosome size and zeta potential. Phytosomes were evaluated for yield, FTIR, partial size and zeta potential. There was no drug excipient interaction. The particle size was found to be 362.3 nm (21.62%) and 3107 nm (78.38%) with chloroform, 230.3 nm (100%) with acetone and 311.5 nm (28.43%) and 4169 nm (71.57%) with ethyl acetate, respectively. The zeta potential was -34.4 mV, -34.4 mV, – 34.2 mV with chloroform, acetone and ethyl acetate respectively. It was concluded that acetone was best solvent to obtain lower particle size of phytosome. Based on zeta potential the stability of phytosomes prepared using chloroform and acetone had same zeta potential and has good stability.
19.    Dr. Sharad Visht Mohammed Bashar Addelkareem Bashar Development of Methyl Salisylate topical gel The chemical compound methyl salicylate has the formula C8H803. It’s salicylic acid’s methyl ester. Produced by a variety of plant species, particularly wintergreens. Salicylate can be applied to the skin as unionized salicylic acid. Minor aches and pains caused by strains, sprains, arthritis, bruising, nerve discomfort, simple backache, or pain in the lower spine can be temporarily releved with methyl salicylate topical (for the skin). Methyl salicylate prepared by reflux method followed by solvent extraction method. The topical gel of methyl salicylate was successfully prepared that was whitish-creamy in appearance, with non-sticky, non-gritty and easy spreadable nature. The pH of topical gel was 6. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the presence of C-0, C-0, C-H-C-C, C=C bonds.
20.    Dr. Sharad Visht Hawreen Azad Sabir, Lava khasro Adel, Miuan Muhammed Akram Nanoemulsion and nanoemulge of Lavender oil and pipermint oil To prepare and formulate a stable nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel formulation using essential Oil of lavender oil and peppermint as an active ingredient for better topical administration. Essential oils selected were lavender oil and peppermint oil. Extraction was done by using steam distillation, then nanoemulsion prepared by using surfactant, co-surfactant, and essential oil (such as lavender oil and peppermint oil), after that nanoemulgel prepared by using gelling agent (carbapol934) with nanoemulsion, nanoemulgel was formed. Nanoemulsion was widely used in pharmaceutical fields for delivery of drug, cosmetics, gels…etc. Because of their small droplet size. It has better penetration than microemulsion, macroemulsion. So for better topical administration is used. Functional groups were evaluated by FIR, zeta-potential results range from -3.2 to -13.0. ph of the nanoemulsion batches range from 4.4-4.7 and pH nanoemulgel batches range from 3.0-5.0. The nanoemulsions and nanoemulgels were stable, nongritty and transparent.
21.    Dr. Sharad Visht Ilaf Abdulkhalq, Shawnm Latif, Rayan Brzo, Mohammad Sarrdar Development of antiaging gel Gels are the system of semisolid composed of large organic and inorganic molecules (suspension) that is interpenetrated into three-dimensional polymeric matrixes by the liquid. In this three-dimensional structure, cross-linking of the molecule plays a crucial role. Topical gels are essential and beneficial as they only show localised actions and do not penetrate chemicals deep into the systematic circulation. An anti-aging gels forms a type of gel that can yield useful solutions for alleviating the difficulties of old age. Although people age differently, the aging of a skin basically involves developing wrinkles and fine lines, discoloration, rough texture, and loss of elasticity. Therefore, anti-aging gels are used to help in alleviating these features. Several skin care products with different active ingredients have been used across the world to help in slowing down the signs of aging. An aging person has the elasticity of their skin breaking down because of the loss of collagen, making it become loose and prone to wrinkling. Some lifestyle factors can accelerate this process. However, it has been noted that anti-aging products are not meant to make someone look younger or stop aging; they are only used in preventing the signs of aging from being visible. In other words, they help in improving the skin’s appearance and can only be thought of as only being used for aesthetic purposes only, although some may have some pharmacological impact. As such, this study was designed to help in making several products that could be used as anti-aging gels based on their various properties. Various compounds were mixed with plant products to develop different products with varying properties such as phi, grittiness, spreadability, and Appearance. The results of the study show that all the products had a safe pH for use by people with any skin type because the pH levels measured falls under the safe levels as recommended in previous research. ph is an important factor in the manufacture of gels because it determines the impact on the skin; it could be an irritant if the pH is too low or high. It should be maintained within the range of a healthy skin such that it does not lead to any adverse effects such as allergic reactions or worsen an existing condition such as acne. Another thing that was measured was spreadability to determine how well the product can be spread on the skin. We found out that PEG and carbopol affected spreadability to some extent. Both can be adjusted as desired to change the viscosity of the product to affect ow well it is spread on the skin. Spreading an anti-aging gel evenly and with ease helps in making sure that it reaches all the target areas to achieve the desirable effects. Another parameter evaluated was grittiness where the researchers were measuring the availability and size of particles within the emulsions. None of the gels were found to have grittiness, indicating uniform mixture of the materials.
22.     

Dr. Rozhan Arif

 Ali Khalid, Mohammed Rafiq, Mohammed Ibrahim Formulation and Characterization of Fast Dissolving Oral Films Drug delivery through the Oral route is the route that is most popular and convenient for drug administration. But yet many patients especially pediatric and geriatrics find it difficult to take capsules or compressed tablets due to difficulty in swallowing of these solid dosage forms, and sometimes the accurate dose could not be administered, to overcome these difficulties fast dissolving oral films are developed and they are convenient to these age groups. This dosage form is capable of delivering the drug systemically through sublingual, intragastric or buccal administration route and has been used locally as well. This technology offers a convenient way of dosing medication, not only for special groups of the population like pediatric, geriatric, confined to bed patients, patients with mental problems, but also to the general population. The present review provides an account of various formulation considerations, method of preparation a nd quality control of orally fast dissolving oral films.
23.    Dr. Abubakir Majeed Salih Shara Ibrahim Ahmad, Lana Ibrahim Mawlood, Avan Jawdat Hamadamin, Shno Star Osman, Dalal Khalid Younis Self- Medication Among Students of Tishk International University A quantitative cross-sectional study was employed among students of Tishk International University from 30thNov 2021 to 7th May 2022. Seven hundred eighty-three (783) students were invited to participate in the study through the convenience sampling method. The data were analyzed through the application of the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) program (Version 25), frequency and percentages were used to describe the variables and the Chi-square test was used to find the association between the variables of interest. P-value ≤0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference level.
24.    Dr.Muhanad S.AL-Ani

 

 Raz Hassan

Sara Sarhad

Sara Salahaddin

Shayan Othman

 Correlation between maternal blood lipid level during pregnancy and risk of Gestational Diabetes Meletus

 

 A pregnancy starts with fertilization, when a woman’s egg joins with a man’s sperm. The hormonal and physiological changes that come with pregnancy are unique. Pregnant women experience sudden and dramatic increases in estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen causes significant alterations in the mother’s body metabolism in regards to her salt and water balance, insulin secretion, and ability to break down sugars and carbohydrates. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy, such as impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes are a relatively frequent diseases affecting 2–5% of all pregnancies.
25.    Ms. Amani Tahsin Mohammed Sultan Omar Najmadin Mustafa Kakarash In-Vitro Comparative Quality Control Tests Between Two Clopidogrel 75 Mg Products Locally Manufactured In Kurdistan Region, Iraq Pharmaceuticals are products formulated for the aim of delivering the intended active ingredient to the patient in need. Globally and in particular, developing countries face major issues regarding low quality medicinal products and falsified drugs. So, post-manufacturing and post-marketing monitoring of pharmaceuticals is essential to keep track of the quality specifications of the manufactured drug product to ensure best clinical outcome upon administration of the product to the patient. In our country Iraq and more specifically Kurdistan Region, quality of medicinal products is a major issue, so we decided to take the step and conduct this study for the aim of opening a path for the prevention of manufacturing and importing of falsified and substandard drugs into the Region. Upon doing the literature review, we faced a scarcity to find sufficient data regarding this specific topic. Our second goal in this study is to shed light onto this important topic and make it a common practice of researchers and pharmacy practitioners whenever possible to prevent substandard product from distribution and marketing in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The test conducted included analytical determination of Clopidogrel powder and construction of the calibration curve, followed by quality control tests including weight variation, thickness and diameter, hardness, friability, disintegration, dissolution, and content uniformity. Although both brands complied to the USP specification but we clearly concluded that one of the brands was more superior in quality than the other.
26.    Dr. Abdul Samad RAMINA JAMEEL BUTRUS STUDY OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL

PHARMACOKINETIC AND MOLECULAR DOCKING

OF QUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVES AS MEDICINAL

AGENT BY IN SILICO TOOLS

 Quinazolines are heterocyclic fused rings that have attracted huge consideration due to their broad applications in the field of medicinal chemistry. Quinazoline and its derivatives have been documented for a variety of biological activities, therefore they are considered as significant chemicals in the in the production of a variety of physiologically and pharmacologically relevant compounds. – Objective: Among the most efficient medicinal chemistry approaches is computer-aided drug design known as the molecular docking, this method is employed in the search for anticancer drugs among quinazoline condensed derivatives. The goal of the study is to undertake a thorough investigation of new quinazoline derivatives as potential anti-cancer drugs, predict their binding affinities with an EGFR receptor, assess their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic features and determine their anti-cancer efficacy by analyzing their molecular docking data. Furthermore, studying each compound weather, it follows Lipinski’s rule of five or not, for understanding their absorption characteristics. – Methodology: The target ligands’s structures were chosen based on their structural similarities to current medications and experimental anti-cancer therapies. Molecular docking was performed on 540 quinazoline derived ligands with 7JXI receptor. – Result: The study showed some quinazoline derivatives with the following zinc IDs: ZINC000096149848, ZINC000028222278, ZINC000028874394, ZINC000013828776, ZINC000065371536.etc. to have significant anti-cancer efficacy comparing with standard quinazoline drug (Gefitinib). The in-silico analysis found that the compounds have affinity for molecular targets and met the druglike requirements. Furthermore, molecular docking studies allowed to determine the nature of interaction between produced drugs and their molecular targets and revealed possible biological mechanism of actions. – conclusion The in-silico study enabled us to discover some new drug leads mentioning all their important physicochemical and molecular properties.
27.    Dr. Abdul Samad AREEJ AMMAR ABDULJABBAR Molecular Modeling Studies And Designing Of Quinazolines Derivatives With Their Physicochemical Properties And Pharmacokinetics As Medicinal Agents In this fast-paced life we are observing cancer disease occurrence more than ever. The advancing pharmaceutical arena is developing new treatments, but resistance remains the biggest challenge. In view of these current scenarios, we have aimed to find out some preliminary studies of quinazoline derivatives as anti-cancer agent. Quinazoline derivatives have been reported to have significant anticancer activities and EGFR kinase is a promising receptor target for cancer.  In this study, a library of quinazoline derivatives have been firstly obtained and docked using autodock vina then analyzed by discovery studio after that compared with the standard ligand Naqoutinib, that has shown great effects on 5y9t receptor. 722 different ligands were chosen to dock from the verified database ZINC 20 & ZINC 15, while the protein-standard ligand complex was taken from Protein Data Bank Archive. The aim was to find a ligand with better binding affinity to 5y9t receptor than the binding affinity of standard drug. Results have shown a certain derivative with potent effects in comparison to Naqoutinib. Further to screen orally active drug like molecules physical chemical and pharmacokinetic properties were calculated and analyzed. Various toxicity parameters were also predicted and analyzed for the top 25 molecules. Based on these results, and according to Pharmacokinetics properties, ZINC001875316981, was chosen the best one for its high binding affinity and stability, as well as its potent effects on the 5y9t receptor. These results presented strong recommendations for designing newly potent inhibitor for the epidermal growth factor receptor. Similarly, a lot of the other models showed decent pharmacokinetic properties by ADMET predictions.
28.    Dr. Abdul Samad Dyar Mudhafar, Hawro Gailani STUDY OF THE PHARMACOKINETICS, PHYSICOCHEMICAL

PROPERTIES AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF AZOLES AS

MEDICINAL AGENTS BY IN SILICO TOOLS

 Structure based drug design involves docking small molecule compounds into receptor binding sites and evaluating the binding energy of the complex. Effective docking protocols, as well as the capacity to see binding geometries and interactions, are essential for understanding the structural principles that influence protein/ligand complex stability as well as finding physicochemical, pharmacokinetic characteristics of a targeted compound using in silico tools. The goal of virtual molecular screening is to uncover bioactive components with the necessary biological activity by docking micromolecules to macromolecules. In silico tools are used in many aspects of Drug design. With PyRx, an open-source program with an easy graphical user interface that works on all main operating systems (Linux, Mac OS and Linux), you may do molecule virtual screening by docking. Additionally, concerns for data preparation utilizing online websites such as (pkCSM for pharmacokinetic properties, PDB for downloading proteins, ZINC Database for downloading ligands), docking using AutoDock Vina and data analysis using Discovery Studio are also included in this research. A literature review was conducted on activities of various azole compounds to evaluate their activities using in silico tools, Anti-Parkinsonism activity was selected because pyrazoles, A type azole compounds were found to have Anti-Parkinsonism activity by having the capability to reversibly inhibit the activity of the A and B types of human monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and MAO-B respectively). Among 129 ligands having an azole nucleus top 25 with highest binding affinity were chosen and evaluated against co-crystallized ligand and two standardized drugs that were all docked to Crystal structure of human monoamine oxidase B (PDB ID = 6RKB).
29.    Dr. Abdul Samad Rayan bejan, Bawan ghazi Study of the Pharmacokinetics, Physicochemical Properties and Molecular Docking of quinazoline as Medicinal Agents by In Silico Tools Quinazoline (C8H6N2) is a hydrophilic, light yellow crystalline compound with a dual-fused ring. One ring might be a benzene ring, while the other could be a pyrimidine ring. The merged heterocyclic rings Quinazoline has gotten a lot of attention because of its wide range of applications in medicinal chemistry. Quinazoline has been prepared by a variety of organic exercises, and compounds with various substitutions consist of the capacity to bind with various target receptors. Quinazolines are crucial chemical in the synthesis of a plethora of physiologically and pharmacologically relevant drugs and their precursors. Structure-based drug design involve docking of the ligand into the active pockets of the receptor. By docking we can understand and get insight about this complex binding between protein (receptor) and ligand. We have different in silico methods such as virtual screening program that can be used to analyze libraries of chemicals against possible drug targets. For the docking purpose of ligand library autodock vina program was used on a windows platform. Libraries of ligands were downloaded from Zinc 15 database. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties were studied in silico by calculating them through the pkCSM, a web server-based program. In this study we have screened the anti-bacterial activity of a library 500 ligands (quinazoline derivatives). The target receptor undertaken for this study was DNA gyrase enzyme having the PDB ID 1KZN. Study has revealed that many molecules shown affinity better than the standard drug clorobiocin. We took the top 25 hits having highest binding affinities when compared with the co- crystalized ligand (standard drug). They were also screened for Pfizer’s rule of 5 and all of them were found to be possible oral drugs.
30.    Dr. Abdul Samad Zinah raoof mohammed,

Mustafa mahdi ismail

 

 Study of the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and molecular docking of oxadiazole derivatives as medicinal agents by in silico tools

 

 Oxadiazole (C2H2N2), also known as “Furadiazole”, is a five-membered heterocyclic nucleus thought to be formed from furan by substituting methane (-CH=) groups with pyridine type nitrogen. Oxadiazole is a flexible starting chemical for discovering substances with bioactive properties and high potency. Various approaches can be used to synthesize all isomers of oxadiazole with a variety of potential biological functions. That’s why compounds containing the oxadiazole scaffold have recently attracted the attention of many researchers. However, molecular docking studies have been performed to screen the anti-inflammatory activities of oxadiazole derivatives using the AutoDockVina tool to study the ligand interactions with active site residues. Here we shown a library of 402 ligands (Oxadiazole derivatives) that were generated by combinatorial techniques and were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities. We took the top 25 compounds that had the highest binding affinities and compared them with the standard drug. We also studied the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties in silico of the top 25 compounds. Among all of them, (ZINC000102572272) showed the most potent anti-inflammatory activity from the dataset. The results of this study may be helpful in the development of novel Cox-2 inhibitors for inflammatory disorders because, with the use of AutoDockVina, a wide number of compounds were produced with their physical and chemical properties and therapeutic applications that can be used as anti-inflammatory agents.